Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)

EGFR is a glycoprotein, belonging to the tyrosine  kinase  receptor, with a penetrating cell membrane and a molecular weight of 170KDa.It's on the surface of the cell membrane. Binding  ligand   (including EGF and TGFα) is activated, the monomer form turns into  dimmers  form, thus it is located in intracellular  kinase  pathway, guiding  the phosphorylation of the downstream and induce cell proliferation . Studies have shown that many solid tumors have high or abnormal EGFR expression . EGFR is associated with tumor cell proliferation, angiogenesis, tumor invasion, metastasis, and inhibition of apoptosis.
EGFR plays an important role in the growth and survival of many solid tumors . Mutations leading to increased expression of EGFR activation can lead to cancer . EGFR tyrosine kinase regulates cell proliferation and survival through downstream pathways that affect many important cellular functions, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and survival . They also play a role in other functions such as angiogenesis and tumorigenesis.
Most of the tumor with the passage of time will be immune to targeted drugs and drug resistance, looking for the other components of the immune system becomes the new target is the key to study new immune therapy, on the other hand, immunotherapy drugs used in combination, or with their chemotherapy, targeted drugs, inhibit the growth of blood vessels or other forms of cancer treatment combination is also a huge challenge.
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